US-India Satellite Will Monitor Earth, Predict Weather

NEW DELHI –  Marking a significant milestone in the India-US partnership, the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite successfully launched on July 30.

The satellite launched aboard India’s GSLV-F16 rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh at 5.40 pm.

NISAR is the first joint Earth observation mission between the ISRO and NASA, combining the expertise and synergies of both agencies.

“Go NISAR! The joint NASA-India satellite aboard @ISRO’s Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle launched from the southeast Indian coast at 8:10am ET (1210 UTC) on its mission to monitor Earth’s changing land and ice surfaces,” said NASA on X.

The mission, valued at $1.5 billion, aims to revolutionize the way we monitor Earth’s surface, particularly in tracking natural disasters and environmental changes.

The satellite will provide 24×7 imagery regardless of weather or lighting conditions.

“It can take pictures of the Earth 24 hours a day in all weather conditions and the satellite can detect landslides, aid in disaster management, and monitor climate change,” said Dr. V Narayanan, ISRO Chairman.

Weighing 2,392 kilograms, the satellite will be inserted into a sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 740 km, where it will scan the Earth’s landmass and ice-covered surfaces every 12 days with high-resolution imagery over a 242-kilometre swath, utilising SweepSAR technology for the first time.

NISAR marks the first time the Earth will be observed using dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar. The satellite carries two radars, called the L-band and S-band.

NASA contributed to the L-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) — a high-rate telecommunication subsystem, GPS receivers, and a deployable 12-meter unfurlable antenna.

The S-Band SAR payload, the spacecraft bus to accommodate both payloads, the GSLV-F16 launch vehicle, and all associated launch services were developed by ISRO.

Together, these radars will be operated using NASA’s 12-meter unfurlable mesh reflector antenna, mounted on ISRO’s customised I-3K satellite bus.

NISAR would enable continuous monitoring of disturbances in the ecosystem and help assess natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. It will track subtle changes in the Earth’s crust and surface movement.

The satellite’s data will also be used for sea ice classification, ship detection, shoreline monitoring, storm tracking, crop mapping, and changes in soil moisture. (IANS)